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Ancient Economies

The Greek Dark Age & Climate Change

QUESTION: Mr. Armstrong; You mentioned that the environment was the primary cause of the Greek Dark age between the Heroic and Hellenistic periods. Can you...

Celtic Gold Ring Money Discovered in Ireland

Gold rings were discovered in Ireland and they seem to be uncertain about their original use. The Celts did not create their own coins for many centuries. They used...

What are Ancient Coin Hoard so Vital to History

  QUESTION: Sir; I have noticed that the Roman and Greek hoards of coins you have offered are silver. You do not offer hoards of bronze coins. I have two...

Portugal

QUESTION: Can you shed any light on the history of money in Portugal. There seems to be scant discussion of this subject. Thank you ANSWER: The first coinage of...

The Money Supply Always Increases in Time of War

QUESTION: Your chart on the Roman money supply shows a huge spike going into 87BC.  Was that just because of the Social War? GS ANSWER: No. During the autumn of...

Daniel’s Interpretation of Nebuchadnezzar’s Dream

QUESTION: You have previously said that the Persian monetary system was based on gold, the Greeks used silver and the Romans began with bronze. That actually...

Prostitute Tokens of Rome & Regulation

QUESTION: Mr. Armstrong; I read about the prostitute tokens of Rome after another one was found here in London. They say they are not sure why they exist. Some said...

The First Representative Form of Money

  QUESTION: Mr. Armstrong; I was discussing the history of money with a professor at our university where they have a display of coins. I asked why were there...

The Noah Coinage of Phrygia

QUESTION: Dear Mr. Armstrong, I have a question please, taking the lead from your recent article in your blog “Noah’s Ark Commemorated on Roman...

Persian Gulf – What Secrets Does it Hold?

COMMENT: Hi Marty, Climate Change: a great analysis as always. One point, if I may, is that no one really talks about the Persian Gulf, a shallow body of water,...