The United States Treasury Department expedited a $20 billion aid package to Ukraine as part of the 50 billion G7 Extraordinary Revenue Acceleration (ERA) Loans initiative. The establishment wants to offload these funds as quickly as possible to deter Donald Trump from reversing course and withholding aid. The funds were sent to the questionable World […]

QUESTION: Marty, I cannot thank you enough for your coverage of the Middle East. Nobody provides such valuable forecasts for our entire region as you do.  I  know you have had friends in the various royal families, and you have been observed meeting with various central banks in the region. You have not been an […]

ASIA: The major Asian stock markets had a mixed day today: • NIKKEI 225 increased 476.91 points or 1.21% to 39,849.14 • Shanghai increased 29.01 points or 0.85% to 3,461.50 • Hang Seng increased 242.00 points or 1.20% to 20,397.05 • ASX 200 decreased 23.30 points or -0.28% to 8,330.30 • SENSEX decreased 262.30 points […]

QUESTION: You said the computer does not support a bullish view of Trump taking office. Do you know why the computer is showing so many indexes are rolling over to the downside? John   ANSWER: I strongly suggest that this is the time to pay close attention to Socrates, for this clearly shows that something […]

Argentina has posted its first budget surplus in 123 after President Javir Milei took office and demanded an abrupt halt to government spending. Governments worldwide should carefully take note. Milei proudly announced: “The deficit was the root of all our evils — without it, there’s no debt, no emission, no inflation. Today, we have a […]

US-Canada relations under the Trump Administration are beginning on tumultuous footing. Trump has promised to slap Canada with 25% tariffs on ALL imports if it fails to curb illegal immigration and drug trade from the northern border. Trudeau is now threatening to retaliate with tariffs of his own. The Bank of Canada has factored in […]

COMMENT: Thank you for your independent work. Nobody predicted the 2024 election would be a landslide other than you. But absolutely nobody has even thought about the Democratic Party collapsing. You have proven that a computer can predict the future impartially and you make it obvious that you always separate your personal opinion from the […]

ASIA: The major Asian stock markets had a mixed day today: • NIKKEI 225 increased 4.65 points or 0.01% to 39,372.23 • Shanghai increased 9.83 points or 0.29% to 3,432.49 • Hang Seng decreased 156.23 points or -0.77% to 20,155.05 • ASX 200 decreased 39.40 points or -0.47% to 8,353.60 • SENSEX decreased 13.35 points […]

Gallic Emperor Victorinus (268-270AD) debased the reduced planchet of the bronze antoninianus.

Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth was issued during the 17th century between 1614 - 1627AD. These late medieval three poker coins were issued during the reign of Sigismund III Vasa, who ruled as the King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1587 to 1632. They were struck to address the financial crisis and rising inflation due to the 30 Years War. Three polker coins were minted with a relatively high silver content and purity in the early years of about 80%. The higher silver content resulted in these coins being hoarded in neighboring countries.

By the 1620s, the coins were widely distributed throughout Transylvania. They were very popular and existed alongside the depreciated local currency that was common due to the inflation that unfolded again thanks to the 30 Years War. The high silver purity of the coins also began to decline as inflation continued. This was reflected in exchange rates established by the Transylvanian Diet, a judicial and legislative body of the Transylvanian Principality under Prince Gabriel Bethlen.

This coinage was also sharply debased. This group is from a hoard of the early period with higher silver content. By 1626, Prince Gabriel Bethlen implemented a monetary reform, as we see so often throughout the monetary history following any war. He collected these coins, melted them down, and then forged three polker coins with the lower silver content. We see that the Roman Emperor Trajan did the same, melting down the old coinage and issuing debased denarii. Thus, history repeats because human nature never changes.