Bourgeoisie Bourgeoisie, originally, the free residents of European towns during the Middle Ages. The bourgeoisie later became synonymous with the middle class. History The term was first applied to those inhabitants of medieval towns in France who occupied a position somewhere between the peasants and the landowning nobility; soon it was extended to the middle […]

The Cataline Affair Catiline was a ruinously debt-ridden patrician with a dangerously unstable character yet possessed considerable magnetic charm, to which aristocratic women and youths were as susceptible as proletarians. Catiline had been Sulla‘s agent and his record was questionable, to say the least. He held the governorship of Africa and his administration of that provence was […]

Elizabeth II 1952-Date Currently under construction Monetary System DENOMINATIONS AU Sovereign AR Crown AR Crown Churchill AR Half-Crown AR Florin AR Shilling AR Shilling (Scotish Type) AR Sixpence AR Threepence AE Penny AE Half Penny AE Farthing DECIMAL COINAGE AU 5 Pounds (Proof Only) AU 2 Pounds (Proof Only) AU Sovereign AU Half-Sovereign The Monetary […]

George VI 1936-1952 Currently under construction Monetary System  DENOMINATIONS AU 5 Pounds (Proof Only) AU 2 Pounds (Proof Only) AU Sovereign AU Half-Sovereign AR Crown AR Half-Crown AR Florin AR Shilling AR Sixpence AR Threepence AR MAUNDY 4 pence AR MAUNDY 3 pence AR MAUNDY 2 pence AR MAUNDY 1 pence AE Penny AE Half […]

George V 1910-1936 Currently under construction Monetary System DENOMINATIONS AU 5 Pounds (Proof Only) AU 2 Pounds (Proof Only) AU Sovereign AU Half-Sovereign AR Crown AR Half-Crown AR Florin AR Shilling AR Sixpence AR Threepence AR MAUNDY 4 pence AR MAUNDY 3 pence AR MAUNDY 2 pence AR MAUNDY 1 pence AE Penny AE Half […]

Edward VII 1901-1910 Currently Under Construction Monetary System DENOMINATIONS AU 5 Pounds AU 2 Pounds AU Sovereign AU Half-Sovereign AR Crown AR Half-Crown AR Florin AR Shilling AR Sixpence AR Threepence AR Twopence AR Penny AE Penny AE Half Penny AE Farthing AE Third-Farthing The Monetary History of the World © Martin A. Armstrong

Victoria 1837-1901 Currently under construction Monetary System DENOMINATIONS YOUNG HEAD AU 5 Pounds (Proof Only) AU Sovereign AU Half-Sovereign AR Crown AR Crown (GOTHIC TYPE) AR Half-Crown AR Florin AR Shilling AR Sixpence AR Groat Fourpence AR Threepence AR Three-halfpence –1st Issue Copper—-(Young bust) AE Penny AE Half Penny AE Farthing AE Half-Farthing AE Third-Farthing […]

William IV 1830-1837 King of England, known before his accession to the throne as William Henry, Duke of Clarence, was the third son of George III., and was born August 21, 1765. At fourteen years of age he entered the navy as a midshipman on board the Prince George, a 98-gun ship, commanded by Admiral Digby; […]

George IV 1820-1830 Currently under construction Monetary System DENOMINATIONS AU 5 Pounds (Proof Pattern Only) AU 2 Pounds AU Sovereign AU Half-Sovereign AR Crown AR Half-Crown AR Shilling AR Sixpence AE Penny AE Half Penny AE Farthing AE Half-Farthing AE Third-Farthing The Monetary History of the World © Martin A. Armstrong

George III 1760-1820 George (William Frederick) III was the eldest son of Frederick, Prince of Wales, and grandson of George II. George III was born June 4th, 1738, being the first sovereign of the Hanoverian line who was actually born in England. On the death of his father, in 1751, his education was intrusted to the […]