TACITUS ON GERMANY Translated by Thomas Gordon PREPARER'S NOTE This text was prepared from a 1910 edition, published by P. F. Collier & Son Company, New York. Contents INTRODUCTORY NOTE TACITUS ON GERMANY INTRODUCTORY NOTE The dates of the birth and death of Tacitus are uncertain, but it is probable that he was born about […]

L. ANNAEUS SENECA, ON BENEFITS   By Seneca   Edited by Aubrey Stewart PREFACE Seneca, the favourite classic of the early fathers of the church and of the Middle Ages, whom Jerome, Tertullian, and Augustine speak of as “Seneca noster,” who was believed to have corresponded with St. Paul, and upon whom [Footnote: On the […]

TREATISES ON FRIENDSHIP AND OLD AGE By Marcus Tullius Cicero Translated by E. S. Shuckburgh INTRODUCTORY NOTE MARCUS TULLIUS CICERO, the greatest of Roman orators and the chief master of Latin prose style, was born at Arpinum, Jan. 3, 106 B.C. His father, who was a man of property and belonged to the class of […]

A TREATISE ON GOVERNMENT By Aristotle   Translated From The Greek Of Aristotle By William Ellis, A.M. London &.Toronto Published By J M Dent & Sons Ltd. &.In New York By E. P. Dutton &. Co First Issue Of This Edition 1912 Reprinted 1919, 1923, 1928 INTRODUCTION The Politics of Aristotle is the second part […]

Jeremy Bentham 1748-1832 Jeremy Bentham was a British economist, philosopher eccentric and founder of University College, London; educated at Westminster School and Queen’s College, Oxford. His books, Defense of Usury (1787), Principles and Morals of Legislation (1823) and Manual of Political Economy (1825) all extol the classical liberal tradition of laissez-faire. Bentham is best known […]

Saint Thomas Aquinas 1225-1274 Saint Thomas Aquinas was a great thinker and a remarkable medieval theologian. Thomas, a native of Naples, gained his doctorate at Paris under Alberthus Magnus and later taught at various European universities. His most famous work was his 20 volume Summa Theologica. In this, he expresses his concern with the concept […]

Edward I Longshanks 1272-1307 Edward I (Longshanks) was the eldest son of Henry III and his queen, Eleanor of Provence. Edward was born in 1239 and at the age of only ten he was named governor of Gascony. In 1254, Edward was married to the Princess Eleanor of Castile. Edward began to take a prominent role in matters of […]

Part III of IV—A Brief History of World Credit & Interest Rates by Martin A. Armstrong ©Copyright PEI  1690 – 1774 AD The eighteenth century was a period of strong economic and political growth for Britain. Constitutional parliamentary government, which had replaced the monarchy, appeared to foster great national expansion. The currency of Britain remained […]

Part II of IV—A Brief History of World Credit & Interest Rates by Martin A. Armstrong ©Copyright PEI  500 AD-1700 AD The fate of the Roman Empire of the West had been cast with the sack of Rome in 410 AD by the Goths followed by the Vandals in 455 AD. What was once Rome […]

Part I of IV—A Brief History of World Credit & Interest Rates by Martin A. Armstrong ©Copyright PEI  3000 BC – 500 AD—The Rise and Fall of Babylon – Greece – Rome Credit is usually thought of as a modern invention of perhaps only a few hundred years old. It is true that a few […]