The Reversal System: A 20-Year Case Study Theory-Design-Implementation © Martin A. Armstrong Perhaps the most important discovery made here at Princeton was the simple fact that market price and economic movement is anything but random. This is a very powerful statement because you will be hard pressed to find many who would agree with us on […]

How to Hedge Real Estate © Martin A. Armstrong Hedging real estate always offers a few new problems. Some will argue that buying gold will provide an adequate medium to hedge against a collapse in real estate. Such suggestions usually tend to draw on 1929 as an example. As usual, suggestions of this sort know a […]

Ludwig von Mises 1881-1973 Ludwig von Mises was an Austrian-born economist. Taught at the University of Vienna until the Nazis came to power. He became a naturalized US citizen in 1946 and taught at New York University from 1945 until his retirement in 1969. Mises did some important early work in monetary theory, but is […]

Henry George 1839-1897 Henry George was an American economist and politician. Famous for his campaign for a single tax on the land values derived from rent. He believed that rents were received by landlords at the expense of workers and business interests, and that this caused poverty and reduced the level of investment in the […]

Karl Marx (1818-1883) Karl Marx was a German political philosopher and revolutionist, co-founder with Friedrich Engels of scientific socialism (modern communism), and, as such, one of the most influential thinkers of all times who has seriously disrupted the course of economics itself. Marx was born in Trier on May 5, 1818, and educated at the […]

Principles of Economy by Martin A. Armstrong Law of Value The important economic trend that becomes clear here is what one might call the Law of Value. In other words, the further one travels from the main economic center, the greater the purchasing power of the standard unit of account. Thus, the didrachm’s value tended […]

Monetary History of United States Currently under construction Colonial America Massachusetts Maryland New Jersey Coinage of William Wood Virginia Carolina New York French Colonial America Colonial Revolution Continental Congress Massachusetts Connecticut New York New Jersey Vermont Kentucky Monetary History of the United States Fugio issues of Ben Franklin (1787) Birch Patterns (1792) United States (1793-date) […]

Monetary History of Macedonia Demetrius Poliorcetes “The Besieger” 294-288 BC Demetrius I Poliorcetes (“the besieger”) (c.337-283 BC) was the son of Antignos I the One-Eyed. He aided his father in what became the epic wars of theDiadochi (dìàd´ekì) [=successors]. In 308 BC, Demetrius I succeeded in defeating Ptolemy I of Egypt in a naval battle off the coast […]

Monetary History of Egypt Ptolemaic Dynasty Ptolemy I Soter (367?-283 BC) As king of Egypt 305 – 283 BC General of Alexander The Great Founder of the Ptolemaic Dynasty Upon the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC at the age of 32, the newly created Greek Empire fragmented. No one general or heir was strong […]

The Paper Chase Part II ©Copyright June 1988 The Panic of 1869, which caused gold to rally significantly, was in itself a sign to the government that paper money would not win the affections and confidence of the people just yet – this would take time. The question of what was actually money remained an […]